...I lift weights with him and notice my blood sugar levels elevate after work outs and stay up until I take insulin (alot)...
That's not uncommon. Many people experience elevated blood sugar after weight training sessions, sometimes for hours. This is typically caused by the recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fiber to perform explosive movement - which the body perceives as similar to the actions involved in a fight-or-flight scenario.
You have two possible options here:
Option 1:
If you're doing weight-training to failure
(the typical 3 sets of 10-12 reps until muscle failure) try instead doing less weight at higher reps
(say 25-30 reps or so) but do NOT work until failure. This recruits more of your slow-twitch muscle fiber instead of the fast-twitch, and you may not experience the same elevations in blood glucose.
The key is to keep the overall weight lifted the same:
Say you do 3 sets of 12 reps with a 100 pound weight. That's 3x12x100 = 3600 lbs in total.
If you instead do 3 sets of 30 reps with 40 lbs, that's 3x30x40 = 3600 lbs in total also. You've done the same amount of weight during your repetitions, but recruited very different muscle fiber.
You'll still experience less size growth, but you'll experience both strength
and endurance gains.
Option 2:
If you're not already doing weight-training to failure, or the changes given in option 1 don't work for you, the next option is to add cardio into your routine - moderate cardio immediately after weight training.
Doing moderate aerobic exercise (that gradually eases down to a real easy cooldown) after your weight training session will help the body to realize it's not in a fight-or-flight situation, and it will burn excess blood glucose in your system without (hopefully) triggering the release of much more from the liver.
Of course, there are some people that end up with elevated blood glucose regardless of WHAT exercise they do... But hopefully either changing up the weight training to lighter weight/higher reps or adding the moderate-to-easy cardio after the weight training will help the situation.
...seem to be getting weaker and experiencing joint and muscle pain. I started working out once a week figuring I needed more recovery time. But the symptoms stayed.
Again, changing to lower-weight/higher-repetitions may help the symptoms you mention.
And I Also I love to mountain bike and I have rode 60 miles in a day. I have a problem with recovery there also. The next day after a ride my legs are shot. But after a days rest I'm just fine.
That's not uncommon. 60 miles is a lengthy ride. On a mountain bike, even on the roads this would mean 3-4 hours minimum of riding
(unless you're crazy uber-fit) and even more time if on trails or fire-roads, which would deplete your glycogen stores a great deal
(if not entirely). And research has shown that many diabetics have reduced glycogen stores when compared to our non-diabetic counterparts. As such, 60 miles of biking will easily deplete your glycogen stores, and they do take a MINIMUM of 24 hours to replenish.